What you’ll learn11 learning objectivesChoose one objective for a focused lesson, or study the complete topic.19.1.1Recombinant DNA definition• Recombinant DNA definitionSyllabus objective19.1.2Genetic engineering and gene expression• Genetic engineering: deliberate manipulation of genetic material, transferring genes for expressionSyllabus objective19.1.3Sources of genes• Gene sources:- Extracted from donor DNA- Synthesised from donor mRNA- Synthesised chemically from nucleotidesSyllabus objective19.1.4Enzymes and vectors in gene transfer• Roles in gene transfer: restriction endonucleases, DNA ligase, plasmids, DNA polymerase, reverse transcriptaseSyllabus objective19.1.5Promoter transfer alongside desired gene• Promoter transfer alongside desired geneSyllabus objective19.1.6Marker genes for gene expression• Confirm gene expression using marker genes coding for fluorescent productsSyllabus objective19.1.7Gene editing by insertion, deletion or replacement• Gene editing: insertion, deletion, or replacement of DNA at specific genome sitesSyllabus objective19.1.8PCR to clone and amplify DNA• PCR to clone and amplify DNA: Taq polymerase roleSyllabus objective19.1.9Gel electrophoresis• Gel electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments by lengthSyllabus objective19.1.10Microarrays in genome analysis• Microarrays: genome analysis, detecting mRNA in gene expression studiesSyllabus objective19.1.11Sequence and protein databases• Databases: nucleotide sequences of genes/genomes, amino acid sequences of proteins, protein structuresSyllabus objective