AP Statistics 1.11: Choosing a Sampling Method
Justify a sampling method by explaining how its groups, random selection, or sampling frame fits the population and investigative question.
- Syllabus
- Effective Fall 2025
- Course
- AP Statistics
Justify a sampling method by explaining how its groups, random selection, or sampling frame fits the population and investigative question.
Corn tortillas are made at a large facility that produces 100,000 tortillas per day on each of its two production lines. The distribution of the diameters of the tortillas produced on production line A is approximately normal with mean 5.9 inches, and the distribution of the diameters of the tortillas produced on production line B is approximately normal with mean 6.1 inches. The figure below shows the distributions of diameters for the two production lines.

The tortillas produced at the factory are advertised as having a diameter of 6 inches. For the purpose of quality control, a sample of 200 tortillas is selected and the diameters are measured. From the sample of 200 tortillas, the manager of the facility wants to estimate the mean diameter, in inches, of the 200,000 tortillas produced on a given day. Two sampling methods have been proposed.
Method 1: Take a random sample of 200 tortillas from the 200,000 tortillas produced on a given day. Measure the diameter of each selected tortilla.
Method 2: Randomly select one of the two production lines on a given day. Take a random sample of 200 tortillas from the 100,000 tortillas produced by the selected production line. Measure the diameter of each selected tortilla.
Will a sample obtained using Method 2 be representative of the population of all tortillas made that day, with respect to the diameters of the tortillas? Explain why or why not.
Part (a):
No, a sample obtained using Method 2 will not be representative of all tortillas made that day. The sample obtained using Method 2 will only represent the tortillas from one production line, not from the entire population because the distributions of diameters for the two production lines are different.
Which of the two sampling methods, Method 1 or Method 2, will result in less variability in the diameters of the 200 tortillas in the sample on a given day? Explain.
Each day, the distribution of the 200,000 tortillas made that day has mean diameter 6 inches with standard deviation 0.11 inch.
Part (c):
Method 2 would result in less variability in the sample of 200 tortillas on a given day because the sample comes from only one production line. Because the distributions of diameters are not the same for the two production lines, selecting tortillas from both lines as in Method 1 would result in more variable sample data.