2.8.C—Explain how systemic issues relate to the quantitative and qualitative uses of intelligence assessments

Explain how systemic issues relate to the quantitative and qualitative uses of intelligence assessments.

• IQ scores across much of the world have generally increased over time (Flynn Effect) due to societal factors, such as higher socioeconomic status and access to better health care and better nutrition.
• IQ scores tend to vary more within a group than between groups. Personal and sociocultural biases can impact the interpretation of individual IQ scores and the score’s relationship with other outcomes. Poverty, discrimination, and educational inequities can negatively influence intelligence scores of individuals and societal groups around the world.
• Scores from intelligence tests have been used to limit access to jobs, military ranks, educational institutions, and immigration to the US.