2.8.B—Explain how intelligence is measured

Explain how intelligence is measured.

• Early formal intelligence tests yielded an intelligence quotient (IQ), which divided mental age by chronological age. In modern times, IQ scores are often used to identify students for educational services.
  • Exclusion: Labeling or describing cognitive abilities and disabilities are outside the scope of the AP Psychology Exam.
• All psychological assessments, including intelligence tests, should adhere to sound psychometric principles to be considered useful.
  • i. A test is said to be standardized when it is administered using consistent procedures and environments.
  • ii. A test is considered valid if it measures what it is designed to measure. Types of validity include construct and predictive.
  • iii. A test is considered reliable if it yields similar results each time it is administered. Types of reliability include test-retest and split-half.
• Researchers strive to develop assessments of intelligence that are socio-culturally responsive to reduce stereotype threat and potential inequity that may occur due to stereotype lift.