2.3.57 - Wave and photon models of EM radiation

Understand how the behaviour of electromagnetic radiation can be described in terms of a wave model and a photon model, and how these models developed over time.

Use - wave and photon models of em radiation to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because - wave and photon models of em radiation determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply - wave and photon models of em radiation to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: - Wave and photon models of EM radiation is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.