S1.3.4 - Sum and product laws

Sum and product laws.; Use of tree diagrams and Venn diagrams.; Sampling with and without replacement.

Use sum and product laws to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because sum and product laws determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply sum and product laws to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: Sum and product laws is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.