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Edexcel IAL Biology 8.17 Drugs from genetically modified organisms

Trace gene isolation, plasmid cutting, ligation and host expression, then use the named product and host to justify advantages and limitations.

Syllabus
First assessment 2019
Course
Biology YBI11
Level
A2

Exam points

  • Describe restriction-enzyme and ligase steps that make bacteria express a human gene.
  • Compare GM microbial, animal and insect cells through yield, safety and protein processing.

8.17—Drug production using GM organisms question 1

[Maximum number: 4]

Small variations in DNA sequences and activation of genes can explain why individuals respond differently to diseases and the drugs used to treat them.

Prader-Willi syndrome is an inherited genetic disorder that involves changes on chromosome 15. The chromosome inherited from the father has genetic deletions. The chromosome inherited from the mother has DNA methylated bases. The diagram shows these chromosomes for an individual with Prader-Willi syndrome. region of DNA methylation

Figure for Question 8.17—Drug production using GM organisms question 1 — Edexcel A-Level Biology A2

region of genetic deletion

The symptoms of Prader-Willi syndrome can be treated using human growth hormone (HGH). This hormone is a protein produced by the pituitary gland. Describe how Escherichia coli bacteria can be used to produce human growth hormone.

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