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Edexcel A-Level Biology A2 7 Respiration Muscles and the Internal Environment Questions

Trace energy transfer through the named respiratory stage, show calculation steps with units and connect muscle or internal-environment evidence to the physiological response.

Syllabus
First assessment 2019
Course
Biology YBI11
Level
A2

Exam points

  • Explain ATP production through glycolysis, Krebs reactions and oxidative phosphorylation.
  • Calculate respiration rate or RQ from gas volumes, time and substrate evidence.
  • Link muscle and internal-environment data to contraction, recovery or homeostasis.

Covered syllabus points

7.1—Aerobic respiration overview7.2—Glycolysis in aerobic and anaerobic respiration7.3—Link reaction and Krebs cycle7.4—Oxidative phosphorylation7.5—Lactate after anaerobic respiration7.6—Respiratory quotient7.7—Core Practical 15 - respiration in yeast7.8—Core Practical 16 - respirometer, respiration rate and RQ7.9—Movement by muscles, tendons, skeleton and ligaments7.10—Skeletal muscle fibre and twitch types7.11—Sliding filament theory7.12—Cardiac muscle electrical activity and ECGs7.13—Cardiac output, ventilation and control centres7.14—Adrenaline and fight-or-flight7.15—Core Practical 17 - exercise and spirometer traces7.16—Negative and positive feedback7.17—Homeostasis and thermoregulation7.18—Mammalian kidney structure7.19—Urea production and ultrafiltration7.20—Selective reabsorption and loop of Henle7.21—ADH and osmoregulation7.22—Transcription factors and hormone action

Question 1

[Maximum number: 4]

Aerobic respiration is made up of several stages.

Question (a)

(a)

Which is the correct order of the stages of respiration required for the complete oxidation of glucose? □ A

Table for Question (a) — Edexcel A-Level Biology A2
[ 1 ]

Question (b)

(b)

Write a balanced equation for the complete oxidation of glucose in aerobic respiration.

[ 2 ]

Question (c)

(c)

The equation shows the aerobic respiration of a lipid.

2C18H34O2+51O2→36CO2+34H2O2 \mathrm{C}_{18} \mathrm{H}_{34} \mathrm{O}_{2}+51 \mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow 36 \mathrm{CO}_{2}+34 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}
[ 1 ]

Question (i)

(i)

Which is the respiratory quotient when this lipid is used in aerobic respiration? (1) □ A 0.67 □ B 0.71 □ C 1.06 □ D 1.42

[ 1 ]

Question 2

[Maximum number: 9]

Animals use aerobic and anaerobic respiration to produce ATP.

Question (a)

(a)

Aerobic respiration has three stages where reactions occur between enzymes and substrates.

[ 3 ]

Question (i)

(i)

Which row of the table shows the location of each stage?
□ A
□ B
□ C
□ D

Table for Question (i) — Edexcel A-Level Biology A2
[ 1 ]

Question (ii)

(ii)

A student calculated the volume of oxygen used by a cockroach as 1.7 cm31.7 \mathrm{~cm}^{3} hour −1{ }^{-1}. The same cockroach produced 1.3 cm31.3 \mathrm{~cm}^{3} hour −1{ }^{-1} of carbon dioxide in the same time.

What is the respiratory quotient (RQ) of this cockroach?

A

0.7

B

0.8

C

1.3

D

2.2

[ 1 ]

Question (iii)

(iii)

Hydramethylnon is an insecticide that is used to treat termite infestations.

Hydramethylnon inhibits the electron transport chain.
Which row of the table shows the expected changes caused by hydramethylnon?

Table for Question (iii) — Edexcel A-Level Biology A2
[ 1 ]

Question (b)

(b)

The photograph shows a crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) that lives in saltwater habitats.

Figure for Question (b) — Edexcel A-Level Biology A2

An investigation measured the lactate production rate of these crocodiles when they were active.

The graph shows the results of this investigation.

Lactate production rate /μmolmin⁡−1 g−1/ \mu \mathrm{mol} \min ^{-1} \mathrm{~g}^{-1}

Figure for Question (b) — Edexcel A-Level Biology A2

Each plotted point on the graph represents a single crocodile.
Discuss the roles of the different types of respiration in these active crocodiles.
Use the information in the graph and your own knowledge to support your answer.

[ 6 ]
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