5.1.1—The concept of work, and recall and use work done = force × displacement in

For a constant force, work done is W=Fs when the displacement s is along the force. More generally W=Fs cosθ for angle θ.

Work is energy transferred, so choose the force and displacement pair and use the component of force along the displacement.

A 40 N force moving a box 3.0 m in its direction transfers 120 J; a perpendicular force transfers zero work.

A force can act without doing work if there is no displacement or if it is perpendicular to the motion.