23.1.1—The equivalence between energy and mass as represented by E = mc 2 and

understand the equivalence between energy and mass as represented by E = mc 2 and recall and use this equation.

Use —the equivalence between energy and mass as represented by e = mc 2 and to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because —the equivalence between energy and mass as represented by e = mc 2 and determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply —the equivalence between energy and mass as represented by e = mc 2 and to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: —The equivalence between energy and mass as represented by E = mc 2 and is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.