23.1 Mass defect and nuclear binding energy

understand the equivalence between energy and mass as represented by E = mc 2 and recall and use this equation.

Use —the equivalence between energy and mass as represented by e = mc 2 and to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because —the equivalence between energy and mass as represented by e = mc 2 and determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply —the equivalence between energy and mass as represented by e = mc 2 and to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: —The equivalence between energy and mass as represented by E = mc 2 and is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.

represent simple nuclear reactions by nuclear equations of the form NH eO H7 14 2 4 8 17 1 1"++.

Use —simple nuclear reactions by nuclear equations of the form nh eo h7 14 2 4 8 to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because —simple nuclear reactions by nuclear equations of the form nh eo h7 14 2 4 8 determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply —simple nuclear reactions by nuclear equations of the form nh eo h7 14 2 4 8 to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: use the formula and units given in the question, show the substitution and interpret the result; the calculation alone is not the conclusion.

define and use the terms mass defect and binding energy.

Use —the terms mass defect and binding energy to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because —the terms mass defect and binding energy determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply —the terms mass defect and binding energy to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: —The terms mass defect and binding energy is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.

sketch the variation of binding energy per nucleon with nucleon number.

Use —the variation of binding energy per nucleon with nucleon number to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because —the variation of binding energy per nucleon with nucleon number determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply —the variation of binding energy per nucleon with nucleon number to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: —The variation of binding energy per nucleon with nucleon number is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.

explain what is meant by nuclear fusion and nuclear fission.

Use —what is meant by nuclear fusion and nuclear fission to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because —what is meant by nuclear fusion and nuclear fission determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply —what is meant by nuclear fusion and nuclear fission to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: —What is meant by nuclear fusion and nuclear fission is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.

explain the relevance of binding energy per nucleon to nuclear reactions, including nuclear fusion and nuclear fission.

Use —the relevance of binding energy per nucleon to nuclear reactions to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because —the relevance of binding energy per nucleon to nuclear reactions determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply —the relevance of binding energy per nucleon to nuclear reactions to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: —The relevance of binding energy per nucleon to nuclear reactions is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.

calculate the energy released in nuclear reactions using E = c 2∆m.

Use —the energy released in nuclear reactions using e = c 2∆m to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because —the energy released in nuclear reactions using e = c 2∆m determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply —the energy released in nuclear reactions using e = c 2∆m to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: —The energy released in nuclear reactions using E = c 2∆m is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.