20.2.2—The equation F = BIL sin θ, with directions as interpreted by Fleming’s

For wire length L carrying current I in field B at angle θ, force magnitude is F=BIL sinθ.

Use θ between current direction and field, and apply Fleming’s left-hand rule or a vector cross product for direction.

A 0.20 m wire carrying 3 A perpendicular to 0.50 T field experiences 0.30 N.

Using BIL without checking angle overestimates force when the conductor is not perpendicular.