3.2.6—Information provision

Information provision gives consumers or producers evidence about quality, risks, benefits or costs so choices better reflect true private and social consequences.

It may involve labels, warnings, public campaigns, testing standards or disclosure rules. Effectiveness depends on credibility, comprehension, attention and whether behaviour is habit-forming.

Nutrition labels can help consumers compare products; clear vaccine information may raise uptake when uncertainty, not price, is the main barrier.

Providing information does not guarantee rational behaviour or remove all market failure; it changes information, not income or preferences.