P3.11—Apparatus, materials, hazards and safety

Safe practical work combines apparatus fit, reagent properties, hazard awareness, controlled handling and correct waste disposal. The written method’s specified materials and concentrations are part of the design.

Select glassware by required precision, use indicators within their working ranges, and identify risks from corrosive, toxic, oxidising, flammable or hot materials before starting.

Use a burette for a variable titrant volume, eye protection for corrosive acid, a fume cupboard for volatile harmful vapour and a labelled waste route for heavy-metal solutions.

“Wear goggles” is not a full risk assessment; state the hazard, the control and what happens to waste or spills.