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CAIE A-Level Chemistry 33.3.1 Preparation of Acyl Chlorides

Practise converting carboxylic acids into acyl chlorides and balancing equations with reagent-specific by-products.

Syllabus
2028–2030
Course
Chemistry 9701
Level
A2

Exam points

  • replace the acid –OH by Cl using PCl5, SOCl2 or PCl3 with heat while retaining the C=O group
  • with SOCl2, balance formation of the acyl chloride, SO2 and HCl from each –COOH group
  • apply the stoichiometry twice when excess reagent converts a dicarboxylic acid to a dioyl chloride

33.3.1—Preparation of acyl chlorides question 1

[Maximum number: 3]

Benzene can be used to make benzoic acid in the two-step process shown in Fig. 7.1.

Fig. 7.1

Fig. 7.1

When treated with a chlorine-containing reagent under suitable conditions, benzoic acid forms compound L.

When treated with a different chlorine-containing reagent under different conditions, benzoic acid forms compound M.

Suggest and draw structures of compounds L and M in the boxes. The molecular formula of each product is given.

Table for Question 33.3.1—Preparation of acyl chlorides question 1 — CAIE A-Level Chemistry A2

State the reagents and conditions to form compound M from benzoic acid.

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