CAIE A-Level Chemistry 29.3.1 Shape and Bonding of Benzene

Practise giving a mark-scheme-complete account of benzene geometry, hybridisation and σ/π orbital overlap.

Exam points

give planar hexagonal or trigonal-planar geometry, 120° angles and sp² hybridisation of all six carbons
form C–C σ bonds by end-on sp²–sp² overlap and C–H σ bonds by end-on sp²–1s overlap
form the delocalised π system by sideways overlap of six parallel p orbitals above and below the ring

[Maximum number: 1]

Cumene is an aromatic hydrocarbon used in the synthesis of other useful chemicals.

cumene

Complete Table 5.1 to show the number of $\mathrm{sp}^{2}$ and $\mathrm{sp}^{3}$ hybridised carbon atoms that are present in a molecule of cumene.

Table 5.1

$\mathrm{sp}^{2}=6 / \mathrm{six} \mathrm{sp}^{3}=3 /$ three

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