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32. Hydroxy compounds

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  1. 32.1 Alcohols

    1. 32.1.1

      • Describe the reaction with acyl chlorides to form esters using ethyl ethanoate

  2. 32.2 Phenol

    1. 32.2.1Preparation of phenol

      • Recall preparation of phenol: (a) reaction of phenylamine with HNO₂ or NaNO₂ and dil. acid below 10 °C to produce the diazonium salt; further warming of the diazonium salt with H₂O to give phenol

    2. 32.2.2Reactions of phenol

      • Recall the chemistry of phenol, as exemplified by the following reactions: - (a) with bases, e.g. NaOH(aq) to produce sodium phenoxide - (b) with Na(s) to produce sodium phenoxide and H2(g) - (c) in NaOH(aq) with diazonium salts, to give azo compounds - (d) nitration of the aromatic ring with dil. HNO₃(aq) at room temp. to give a mixture of - 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol - (e) bromination of the aromatic ring with Br₂(aq) to form 2,4,6-tribromophenol

    3. 32.2.3Acidity of phenol

      • Explain the acidity of phenol

    4. 32.2.4Acidities of water, phenol and ethanol

      • Describe/explain: the relative acidities of water, phenol and ethanol

    5. 32.2.5Phenol nitration and bromination conditions

      • Explain why the reagents/conditions for the nitration and bromination of phenol are different from those for benzene

    6. 32.2.6Phenol directing effects

      • Recall that the hydroxyl group of a phenol directs to the 2-, 4- and 6-positions

    7. 32.2.7Reactions of phenolic compounds

      • Apply knowledge of the reactions of phenol to those of other phenolic compounds, e.g. naphthol