CAIE A-Level Biology AS 10.1.4 Prevention and Control Questions
Explain immune-system defence against infectious disease using evidence from each question and mark scheme.
- Syllabus
- 2028–2030
- Course
- Biology 9700
- Level
- AS
Exam points
- Explain the role of the immune system in defence against infectious disease.
CAIE A-Level Biology AS 10.1.4 Prevention and Control Questions question 1
[Maximum number: 4]
In March 2019, a tropical cyclone in the south-west Indian Ocean caused widespread flooding in a number of countries.
The flooding and the damage caused by the cyclone meant that many people were at serious risk of cholera.
After the natural disaster occurred, many different areas reported outbreaks of cholera. Within a short time the disease had spread widely and large numbers of people were affected.
Mozambique was one of the countries badly affected by the cyclone.
As part of the effort to prevent a greater number of cases of cholera from occurring, two different approaches were taken.
- Approximately 900000 doses of the oral cholera vaccine were sent to Mozambique and a large-scale vaccination programme was organised.
- Medical centres were set up in Mozambique to treat people with cholera.
Suggest and explain how the two different approaches helped to prevent a greater number of cases of cholera from occurring.
any four from:
vaccination programme to max 3:
1 vaccines stimulate (active) immunity to cholera / AW ;
2 idea that if infected with, pathogen / V. cholerae, people do not become ill with cholera or the immune system destroys pathogen before it can, cause harm / spread ;
3 ref. to herd immunity ;
A described e.g. enough people effectively immunised to prevent spread idea that unvaccinated people surrounded by immunised people
4 AVP ;
e.g. idea that reduces reservoir of pathogen in population
treatment to max 3:
5 (oral / intravenous) rehydration therapy, decreases recovery time / cures more quickly ;
6 (more likely that) contaminated faeces disposed of safely / decreased risk of spread via contaminated faeces
7 more able to practise good hygiene ;
8 time spent in medical centre acts as quarantine / infected people not in general population ;
9 (so) decreases, density / proportion, of infected people to reduce risk of spread ;
10 AVP ;
e.g. medical centres able to monitor antibiotic use and provide most effective medication medical centres, accessible to many parts of the country / widespread idea that medical centres mean people treated sooner decreasing time when people are infectious injecting antibodies
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