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CAIE A-Level Biology 13.1.10 Chemiosmosis in Photophosphorylation

Practise linking electron-carrier energy to proton pumping into the thylakoid lumen, then use the pH gradient and ATP synthase return flow to explain ATP formation.

Syllabus
2028–2030
Course
Biology 9700
Level
A2

Exam points

  • link electron-carrier energy release with proton pumping into thylakoid space
  • interpret lower lumen pH and higher stroma pH as evidence of a proton gradient
  • explain proton return through ATP synthase driving photophosphorylation of ADP

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