CAIE A-Level Biology A2 13.1.1 Chloroplast Structure Function Relationship Questions

D ;

B;

any four from:

1 thylakoid stacks or discs / many thylakoids, for, increased or large, surface area ;

2 increased or large, surface area maximises the absorption of light (energy) / AW ;
Ignore trap (light energy)

mp 3-5 thylakoid membranes/grana contain

3 photosynthetic / named / primary / accessory, pigments to absorb light (energy) ;

4 electron carriers / ETC, to, transfer / release, energy (from excited electrons) ;

5 photosystems / antenna complex and reaction centre, are light harvesting structures ;

6 thylakoid space or lumen to, form proton gradient / have high concentration of protons ;

7 thylakoid membrane is (relatively) impermeable, to maintain the proton gradient (for chemiosmosis) ;

8 ATP synthase to make ATP ;

9 contains oxygen-evolving complex / OEC, for the photolysis of water ;