1. States of matter

1.1 Solids, liquids and gases

1.2 Diffusion

2. Atoms, elements and compounds

2.1 Elements, compounds and mixtures

2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

2.3 Isotopes

2.4 Ions and ionic bonds

2.5 Simple molecules and covalent bonds

2.6 Giant covalent structures

2.7 Metallic bonding

3. Stoichiometry

3.1 Formulae

3.2 Relative masses of atoms and molecules

3.3 The mole and the Avogadro constant

4. Electrochemistry

4.1 Electrolysis

4.2 Hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells

5. Chemical energetics

5.1 Exothermic and endothermic reactions

6. Chemical reactions

6.1 Physical and chemical changes

6.2 Rate of reaction

6.3 Reversible reactions and equilibrium

6.4 Redox

7. Acids, bases and salts

7.1 The characteristic properties of acids and bases

7.2 Oxides

7.3 Preparation of salts

8. The Periodic Table

8.1 Arrangement of elements

8.2 Group I properties

8.3 Group VII properties

8.4 Transition elements

8.5 Noble gases

9. Metals

9.1 Properties of metals

9.2 Uses of metals

9.3 Alloys and their properties

9.4 Reactivity series

9.5 Corrosion of metals

9.6 Extraction of metals

10. Chemistry of the environment

10.1 Water

10.2 Fertilisers

10.3 Air quality and climate

11. Organic chemistry

11.1 Formulae, functional groups and terminology

11.2 Naming organic compounds

11.3 Fuels

11.4 Alkanes

11.5 Alkenes

11.6 Alcohols

11.7 Carboxylic acids

11.8 Polymers

12. Experimental techniques and chemical analysis

12.1 Experimental design

12.2 Acid–base titrations

12.3 Chromatography

12.4 Separation and purification

12.5 Identification of ions and gases

IGCSE Chemistry 6.1 Physical and chemical changes Question Bank

6.1.1—Physical and chemical changes, and

[Maximum number: 1]

Element X can undergo the following physical changes.

(a)

(i)

Explain why the changes shown are physical changes.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

Which equation represents a chemical change?

$\mathrm{BaCl}_{2}(\mathrm{~s}) \rightarrow \mathrm{BaCl}_{2}(\mathrm{I})$

$\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{SO}_{4}{ }^{2-}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \mathrm{CaSO}_{4}(\mathrm{~s})$

$\mathrm{KCl}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l}) \rightarrow \mathrm{K}^{+}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{Cl}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})$

$\mathrm{Na}^{+}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{NO}_{3}{ }^{-}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \mathrm{NaNO}_{3}(\mathrm{aq})$

[Maximum number: 1]

Which row identifies a chemical change and a physical change?

chemical change

physical change

boiling ethanol

burning ethanol

evaporating ethanol

dissolving ethanol in water

burning ethanol

evaporating ethanol

dissolving ethanol in water

[Maximum number: 1]

Which row identifies a chemical change and a physical change?

chemical change

physical change

boiling ethanol

burning ethanol

evaporating ethanol

dissolving ethanol in water

burning ethanol

evaporating ethanol

dissolving ethanol in water

[Maximum number: 1]

Which row identifies a chemical change and a physical change?

chemical change

physical change

boiling ethanol

burning ethanol

evaporating ethanol

dissolving ethanol in water

burning ethanol

evaporating ethanol

dissolving ethanol in water

[Maximum number: 1]

Which process involves a chemical change?

adding sodium to water

boiling water

dissolving sodium chloride in water

producing water from aqueous sodium chloride

[Maximum number: 1]

Which changes are physical changes?

1 melting ice to form water

2 burning hydrogen to form water
3 adding sodium to water
4 boiling water to form steam

1 and 2

1 and 4

2 and 3

3 and 4

[Maximum number: 1]

When sulfur is heated it undergoes a 1 change as it melts. Further heating causes the sulfur to undergo a 2 change and form sulfur dioxide. Which words complete gaps 1 and 2?

chemical

physical

chemical

physical