A. Space, time and motion

A.1 Kinematics

A.2 Forces and momentum

A.3 Work, energy and power

A.4 Rigid body mechanics

A.5 Galilean and special relativity

B. The particulate nature of matter

B.1 Thermal energy transfers

B.2 Greenhouse effect

B.3 Gas laws

B.4 Thermodynamics

B.5 Current and circuits

C. Wave behaviour

C.1 Simple harmonic motion

C.2 Wave model

C.3 Wave phenomena

C.4 Standing waves and resonance

C.5 Doppler effect

D. Fields

D.1 Gravitational fields

D.2 Electric and magnetic fields

D.3 Motion in electromagnetic fields

D.4 Induction

E. Nuclear and quantum physics

E.1 Structure of the atom

E.2 Quantum physics

E.3 Radioactive decay

E.4 Fission

E.5 Fusion and stars

S Skills in Physics

S1.1 Experimental techniques

S1.2 Technology

S1.3 Mathematics

S2.1 Exploring and designing

S2.2 Collecting and processing data

S2.3 Concluding and evaluating

IB Physics HL B.1 Thermal energy transfers Question Bank

[Maximum number: 3]

This question is about stars in the constellation Canis Minor.

(a)

(i)

Using the data in (c), calculate, in parsecs, the distance from Earth to Gomeisa.

[ 3 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

The diagram below shows part of a downhill ski course which starts at point $\mathrm{A}, 50 \mathrm{~m}$ above level ground. Point B is 20 m above level ground.

(a)

A skier of mass 65 kg starts from rest at point A and during the ski course some of the gravitational potential energy transferred to kinetic energy.

[ 2 ]

(i)

Some of the gravitational potential energy transferred into internal energy of the skis, slightly increasing their temperature. Distinguish between internal energy and temperature.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

A thermometer and an electrical heater are inserted into small holes in a solid aluminium block.

The heater is turned on at time t=0. The graph shows the variation of the temperature $\theta$ of the block with time t.

(a)

The power of the heater is 52 W . The mass of the block is 0.85 kg . Determine the specific heat capacity of aluminium.

[ 2 ]

(a)

(i)

Using the axes below, sketch a graph to show the variation with wavelength of the intensity of the cosmic background radiation.

[ 2 ]

(ii)

Explain how the graph may be used to determine the temperature of the cosmic background radiation.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

A thermometer and an electrical heater are inserted into small holes in a solid aluminium block.

The heater is turned on at time t=0. The graph shows the variation of the temperature $\theta$ of the block with time t.

(a)

The power of the heater is 52 W . The mass of the block is 0.85 kg . Determine the specific heat capacity of aluminium.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

A group of students is trying to determine the density and the viscosity of a liquid.

To determine the density, they use a balance to read the mass m of a sphere in air and immersed in the liquid.

They use a sphere of volume $V=1.827 \times 10^{-7} \mathrm{~m}^{3}$ .
The readings are $m_{\text {air }}=1.427 \mathrm{~g}$ in air and $m_{\text {lmmersed }}=1.208 \mathrm{~g}$ in the liquid.
The readings are different due to buoyancy. The buoyancy force $F_{\mathrm{b}}$ is given by

F_{\mathrm{b}}=\rho V g

where V is the volume of the sphere and $\rho$ is the density of the liquid.

(a)

Calculate the density of the liquid.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

The equipment shown in the diagram was used by a student to investigate the variation with volume, of the pressure p of air, at constant temperature. The air was trapped in a tube of constant cross-sectional area above a column of oil.

The pump forces oil to move up the tube decreasing the volume of the trapped air.

(a)

The student measured the height H of the air column and the corresponding air pressure p. After each reduction in the volume the student waited for some time before measuring the pressure. Outline why this was necessary.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

This question is about objects in the universe.

(a)

The graph shows the variation with wavelength of the intensity of a main sequence star.

Calculate the surface temperature of this star.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

In an experiment, data were collected on the variation of specific heat capacity of water with temperature. The graph of the plotted data is shown.

(a)

The uncertainty in the values for specific heat capacity is 5 %.

Water of mass $(100 \pm 2) \mathrm{g}$ is heated from $(75.0 \pm 0.5)^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to $(85.0 \pm 0.5)^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ .

[ 1 ]

(i)

Calculate the energy required to raise the temperature of the water from $75^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to $85^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ .

[ 1 ]

(a)

Aldebaran is a red giant star in the constellation of Taurus.

[ 4 ]

(i)

Define the luminosity of a star.

[ 1 ]

(ii)

The apparent brightness of Aldebaran is $3.3 \times 10^{-8} \mathrm{Wm}^{-2}$ and the luminosity of the Sun is $3.9 \times 10^{26} \mathrm{~W}$ . The luminosity of Aldebaran is 370 times that of the Sun. Show that Aldebaran is at a distance of 19 pc from Earth. $\left(1 \mathrm{pc}=3.1 \times 10^{16} \mathrm{~m}\right)$

[ 3 ]

(b)

The apparent magnitude of Aldebaran is 0.75 .

[ 1 ]

(i)

State what is meant by the apparent magnitude of a star.

[ 1 ]

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