CAIE IGCSE Chemistry Functional Groups and Homologous Series

Practise defining a functional group and recognising carbon-carbon double bonds, hydroxyl and carboxyl groups from structures and chemical tests.

Exam points

define a functional group as the atom or group that determines characteristic chemical properties
identify carbon-carbon double bond, hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in a displayed structure
use bromine-water or carbonate observations to confirm alkene or carboxylic-acid behaviour

[Maximum number: 1]

The names of four esters are listed.
> methyl propanoate ethyl propanoate propyl propanoate butyl propanoate

Esters are a family of organic compounds with similar chemical properties. They can be represented by the formula $\mathrm{C}_{n} \mathrm{H}_{2 n} \mathrm{O}_{2}$ .

Explain why members of a family of organic compounds have similar chemical properties.

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11.1.3—Functional group as an atom or group question 1