Course review

E.1 Structure of the atom

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Learning objective

E.1.1—Rutherford experiment

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• Geiger-Marsden-Rutherford experiment and the discovery of the nucleus.

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Learning objective

E.1.2—Nuclear notation

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• Use nuclear notation: A = nucleon number, Z = proton number, X = element symbol.

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Learning objective

E.1.3—Atomic energy levels

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• Emission and absorption spectra provide evidence for discrete atomic energy levels.

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Learning objective

E.1.4—Atomic transitions

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• Photons are emitted/absorbed during transitions between atomic energy levels.

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Learning objective

E.1.5—Photon energy

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• Photon energy in atomic transition: E=hf.

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Learning objective

E.1.6—Spectra and composition

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• Use emission and absorption spectra to infer chemical composition.

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Learning objective

E.1.7 (HL)—Nuclear radius

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• Nuclear radius scales with nucleon number: R=R0 A^(1/3); implies near-constant density. • Relationship implies approximately constant nuclear density.

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Learning objective

E.1.8 (HL)—High-energy scattering deviations

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• Deviations from Rutherford scattering at high energies.

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Learning objective

E.1.9 (HL)—Closest approach

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• Use energy conservation for distance of closest approach in head-on scattering.

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Learning objective

E.1.10 (HL)—Bohr hydrogen levels

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• Bohr hydrogen energy levels: E=-13.6/n^2 eV.

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Learning objective

E.1.11 (HL)—Bohr angular momentum

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• Bohr quantization: angular momentum mvr = nh/(2π).

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