IB ESS SL 8.1.6 Indirect population policies Question Bank

Decreasing birth rates due to:
a. Educating women for greater economic and reproductive independence;
b. Providing sex education so people understand how to control how many children to have / improved access to contraception;
c. Direct policies such as governing the number of children women can have;
d. Improved access to healthcare to reduce infant/child mortality rates;
e. public confidence that children will survive into adulthood, reducing the need for multiple children;
f. Investment in social security/pensions so people don't have to depend on children to care for them in later years;
g. Investment in agricultural technology so not as many children are needed to work;
h. Urbanization increasing the cost of raising children;
i. Rapid economic development/industrialization shifting priorities of adults to career;
j. Pro-small family campaigns in media/street posters;
k. Increased legal age of marriage, which increased age of first childbearing;