IB ESS SL 8.1 Human Populations Question Bank

Practise IB ESS SL 8.1 by calculating population change, interpreting demographic structures and evaluating direct and indirect population policies.

Exam points

Calculate natural increase, growth rate and doubling time from birth and death data with correct signs and units.
Describe expanding, stable and contracting age-sex structures and assign a supported DTM stage.
Evaluate direct and indirect population policies through fertility, mortality, migration and social impacts.

Covered syllabus points

8.1.1—Population inputs 8.1.2—Population outputs 8.1.3—Population dynamics metrics 8.1.4—Global population growth models 8.1.5—Direct population policies 8.1.6—Indirect population policies 8.1.7—Age-sex pyramids 8.1.8—Demographic transition model

[Maximum number: 9]

Figure Crude birth rate, crude death rate, total population (1960-2024) and predicted total population (2025-2100) for South Korea

(a)

Year	Crude birth rate
1980
2024

Using Figure, state the crude birth rate (CBR) of South Korea in 1980 and 2024.

[ 2 ]

(b)

Using Figure, calculate the natural increase rate (NIR) in 1980.

[ 1 ]

(c)

Explain which stage of the demographic transition model South Korea was in during 1980.

[ 2 ]

(d)

Outline two national development policies that might have contributed to the changes in the crude birth rates in South Korea between 1960 and 2024.

[ 2 ]

(e)

Sketch the shape of the age-gender pyramid for 2024 that would lead to the predicted total population changes from 2024 to 2100, as shown in Figure.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

Population	5157100
Live births	58887
Deaths	38574
Total fertility rate	1.66 children per woman

Table:Population statistics for New Zealand, 2022

(a)

With reference to Table: Population statistics for New Zealand, 2022, calculate the crude death rate (CDR) per 1000 people for the year 2022.

[ 1 ]

(b)

Outline how the total fertility rate of New Zealand shown in Table: Population statistics for New Zealand, 2022 will influence its future population.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 3]

(a)

Population	5.11 million
Total fertility rate	1.86 children per woman
Population growth rate	$1.06 \%$
Life expectancy	82.74 years

Table:Population statistics for New Zealand, 2023

With reference to Table: Population statistics for New Zealand, 2023, calculate the doubling time (DT) of the population of New Zealand.

[ 1 ]

(b)

Outline two factors which could change the expected doubling time (DT).

[ 2 ]

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Covered syllabus points

8.1 Human populations question 1

Question (a)

Question (b)

Question (c)

Question (d)

Question (e)

8.1 Human populations question 2

Question (a)

Question (b)

8.1 Human populations question 3

Question (a)

Question (b)