Practise IB ESS SL 7.1 by distinguishing natural capital from income, classifying resources and evaluating sustainable-use decisions.
Figure: Fact file on Mindo cloud forest
Only one third of Ecuador’s identified cloud forest sites are protected. The Mindo-Nambillo cloud forest reserve forms part of several protected areas across Ecuador. The Mindo cloud forest covers 268 km2 and is home to several indigenous subgroups of the Quichua people. The village of Mindo is west of the reserve and is known for chocolate made from locally grown cacao. Organizations work with local farmers to find alternatives to cattle ranching and with indigenous groups to develop more sustainable agricultural practices, reducing habitat destruction.
Outline how the cloud forest may provide a named example of natural income.
To what extent are the concepts of natural capital and natural income helpful in managing the sustainable use of natural resources?
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Siberian taiga context
• Taiga forest provides habitat, stores carbon, helps regulate climate and supplies timber.
• Deforestation can affect biodiversity, carbon storage and downstream/global systems.
Outline one ecological service provided by the Siberian taiga.
Figure:Total exports of timber (in units of thousand cubic metres) from Russia between 2012 and 2014
With reference to Figure: Total exports of timber (in units of thousand cubic metres) from Russia between 2012 and 2014, calculate the percentage of timber exports to China between the years 2012-2014.