Course review

1.1 Perspectives

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Learning objective

1.1.1—Perspectives and personal values

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• A perspective is how a situation is viewed and understood by an individual • Based on mix of personal and collective assumptions, values and beliefs • Personal perspectives influence choices and actions on environmental/social issues

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Learning objective

1.1.2—Factors informing perspectives

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• Informed by sociocultural norms, scientific understandings, laws, religion • Informed by economic conditions, local/global events, lived experience • Perspective ≠ argument (arguments support or counter perspectives)

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Learning objective

1.1.3—Values definition

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• Qualities or principles with worth and importance in life • Affect priorities, judgements, perspectives and choices • Individual but shared/shaped by community

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Learning objective

1.1.4—Values visibility

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• Seen through communication and actions • Organizations show values through advertisements, media, policies, actions • Different values → tensions between individuals and organizations

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Learning objective

1.1.5—Values surveys

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• Investigate social group perspectives towards environmental issues • Effective design accommodates various perspectives

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Learning objective

1.1.6—Worldviews

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• Lenses shared by groups to perceive and act within environment • Shape values/perspectives through culture, philosophy, ideology, religion, politics • Internet/social media expand influence beyond local community • Models to classify perspectives are useful but imperfect

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Learning objective

1.1.7—Environmental value systems

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• Model showing inputs affecting perspectives and resulting outputs • Inputs: media, education, worldviews • Outputs: judgements, positions, choices, actions

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Learning objective

1.1.8—Environmental perspectives classification

New

• Technocentric: technology can resolve all environmental issues • Anthropocentric: humans as central/most important element • Ecocentric: natural world has pre-eminent importance and intrinsic value • Categories not exclusive, individuals have complex mix

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Learning objective

1.1.9—Changing perspectives

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• Perspectives and beliefs change over time in all societies • Influenced by government/NGO campaigns, social/demographic change

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Learning objective

1.1.10—Environmental movement influences

New

• Influenced by individuals, literature, media • Major disasters (e.g., Chernobyl, Fukushima) • International agreements (e.g., Rio Earth Summit, COP conferences) • Technological developments (e.g., Green Revolution) • Scientific discoveries (e.g., pesticide toxicity, habitat degradation)

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