5.2.2—Marginalized groups vulnerability

Marginalized groups become more vulnerable when land-use decisions remove the rights or access needed for food production, income, culture or recovery from shocks.

Named example—Indigenous peoples of the Brazilian Amazon: illegal land grabbing registers public land as private property. Indigenous people may then be evicted from land they use.

Eviction removes secure access and livelihood options; the local ESS textbook explains that displaced people may move into previously uncleared forest to survive, shifting pressure rather than resolving their needs.

Trace the chain: unequal decision power → loss of land rights → reduced livelihood security → greater food vulnerability and displacement.

Identity does not itself cause vulnerability; unequal rights, exposure and alternatives do. This case does not justify claims about every Indigenous group.