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IB Environmental Systems and Societies
Topic 1: Foundation
Topic 2: Ecology
2.1 Individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems
2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems
2.3 Biogeochemical cycles
2.4 Climate and biomes
2.5 Zonation, succession and change
Topic 3: Biodiversity and conservation
Topic 4: Water
Topic 5: Land
Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change
Topic 7: Natural resources
Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems
IB/ESS/SL//Concept/Topic 2: Ecology

Topic 2: Ecology

Syllabus
First assessment 2026
Section
—
Level
SL

Exam analysis

Most tested topics

  1. Individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems
  2. Energy and biomass in ecosystems
  3. Biogeochemical cycles
  4. Climate and biomes
  5. Zonation, succession and change