Course review
Review each learning objective in this topic, then open its concept explanation or question set.
Learning objective
• Raw materials and energy sources used by society • Sunlight, air, water, land, rocks, ecosystems, living things
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Learning objective
• Stock of natural resources on Earth
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Learning objective
• Goods: fish, timber • Services: climate regulation, flood prevention
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Learning objective
• Terms imply particular perspective on nature • Model for sustainable resource use
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Learning objective
• Life-supporting services • Water replenishment, flood/erosion protection • Pollution mitigation, carbon sequestration
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Learning objective
• All resources finite • Renewable: regenerated as fast as used • Non-renewable: cannot be regenerated • Renewable becomes non-renewable if used beyond regeneration rate
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Learning objective
• Aesthetic, cultural, economic, environmental • Health, intrinsic, social, spiritual, technological
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Learning objective
• The value of natural capital is dynamic in that it can change over time • Include: a variety of reasons for both increases and decreases in value, along with two named examples of change over time • Consider, e.g., coal, lithium, cobalt, whale oil, cork
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Learning objective
• The use of natural capital needs to be managed in order to ensure sustainability • The long-term well-being of ecosystems and humans depends on resources not being used more rapidly than they can be regenerated • Include: examples to illustrate how ecosystems and societies could be harmed by excessive harvesting of resources and by the release of polluting waste products
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Learning objective
• Resource security depends on the ability of societies to ensure the long-term availability of sufficient natural resources to meet demand • Consider: the extent to which resource security in two contrasting named societies has been achieved for food or water
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Learning objective
• The choices a society makes in using given natural resources are affected by many factors and reflect diverse perspectives • Factors affecting such choices may include economic, sociocultural, political, environmental, geographical, technological and historical factors • International agreements cutting GHG emissions with the aim of achieving net zero emissions changes the priority of these choices • Consider: factors affecting the local choice of a named natural resource
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Learning objective
• A range of different management and intervention strategies can be used to directly influence society’s use of natural capital • Government management could include national action plans for SDGs • Government intervention could include strategies to reduce or stop the use of certain natural capital goods and services such as taxes, fines and legislation • For example, increasing the price of fossil fuels and carbon emission restrictions
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Learning objective
• The SDGs provide a framework for action by all countries in global partnership for natural resources use and management
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Learning objective
• Addresses sustainable resource management in development projects • Surveys, audits, continued monitoring
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Learning objective
• Different by country and region • Baseline studies predict impacts, suggest mitigation
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Learning objective
• Allow citizens as stakeholders in decision-making
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Learning objective
• Resource may be renewable • Extraction/harvesting/transport/processing may be unsustainable
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Learning objective
• Favour short-term responses • Undermine long-term sustainability • Example: resource depletion
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Learning objective
• Hinders socio-economic development • Environmental degradation, geopolitical tensions/conflicts • Examples: oil (OPEC), minerals (lithium, cobalt, rare earth)
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Learning objective
• Reduce demand, increase supply, change technologies
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Learning objective
• Increases supply, increases interdependence • May reduce national resource security
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