CourseCourse QuestionQuestion

IB Environmental Systems and Societies

Topic 1: Foundation

Topic 2: Ecology

Topic 3: Biodiversity and conservation

4.1 Water systems

4.2 Water access, use and security

4.3 Aquatic food production systems

4.3.1—Aquatic primary producers

4.3.2—Human aquatic food consumption

4.3.3—Increasing demand

4.3.4—Unsustainable harvesting practices

4.3.5—Fishery collapse

4.3.6—Maximum sustainable yield (MSY)

4.3.7—Climate change impacts

4.3.8—Mitigation strategies

4.3.9—Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)

4.3.10—Aquaculture

4.3.11 (HL)—Water system interconnections

4.3.12 (HL)—Fish stock assessment

4.3.13 (HL)—MSY risks

4.3.14 (HL)—Overexploited species recovery

4.3.15 (HL)—UNCLOS

4.3.16 (HL)—Marine mammal harvesting ethics

4.4 Water pollution

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change

Topic 7: Natural resources

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems

IB/ESS/HL//Concept/Topic 4: Water/4.3 Aquatic food production systems/4.3.8—Mitigation strategies

Topic 4: Water

Syllabus: First assessment 2026
Section: —
Level: HL

Exam analysis

Most tested topics

Water systems
Water access, use and security
Aquatic food production systems
Water pollution