AP Environmental Science 9.6: Ocean Warming
Practice AP Environmental Science questions on greenhouse gases, ocean warming, coral bleaching, habitat loss, and marine species.
- Syllabus
- Effective Fall 2025
- Course
- AP Environmental Science
Practice AP Environmental Science questions on greenhouse gases, ocean warming, coral bleaching, habitat loss, and marine species.
The graph shows measurements of atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, and the measurements of pH levels in the ocean nearby at Station ALOHA. Measurements of pH began in 1992.

ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE AT MAUNA LOA AND OCEANIC pH AT STATION ALOHA, HAWAII
Changes in pH in the world's oceans pose a risk to many marine organisms.
Other than threats posed by decreasing pH, identify an additional anthropogenic threat to the world's coral reef ecosystems and describe how the threat damages the coral reefs and coral reef ecosystems.
Identify one additional anthropogenic threat to the
world's coral reef ecosystems
Describe how the threat damages coral reefs and coral reef ecosystems
Increased ocean temperature
- Coral bleaching (loss of the algal symbiont)
- Reduction of dissolved oxygen concentration
Recreational activities, such as watercraft, scuba, snorkeling, swimming, etc.
- Physical damage to/destruction of coral reefs
Fishing practices, such as bottom trawling, dynamite fishing, overfishing, etc.
- Physical damage to/destruction of coral reefs
- Removal of key species disrupts the food web/causes a trophic cascade
- Removal of key species disrupts the food web/causes a trophic cascade
Nutrient pollution (from agricultural runoff, wastewater treatment plants, etc.)
- Cultural eutrophication and eventual decrease in
dissolved oxygen levels
Sediment pollution (from logging operations, mining, etc.)
- Increased turbidity/reduction in light penetration
- Deposited sediments cover/smother coral reefs
Chemical pollution, such as oil spills, pesticide runoff, sunscreen,
etc.
- Disruption of reproduction and growth cycles
- Disruption of metabolic processes
- Endocrine disruption/DNA damage
- Reduction in light penetration
Plastic/solid waste pollution
- Physical damage to/destruction of members of the coral reef ecosystem
- Reduction of light penetration
- Physical damage to/destruction of members of the coral reef ecosystem
Introduction of invasive species
(lionfish/turkey fish, Philippine
mantis shrimp, etc.)
- Invasive species can outcompete native species