AP Biology 4.1 A Describe the Ways That Cells Can Communicate with One Another Questions

Practise AP Biology 4.1.A questions by identifying juxtacrine signaling through direct cell contact, including gap junctions and plasmodesmata.

Exam points

identify juxtacrine signaling as communication that requires direct contact between cells
classify gap junctions and plasmodesmata as structures for direct cell-to-cell signaling

A portion of the human immune system response to an invading pathogen is shown below.

Figure for Question AP Biology 4.1 A Describe the Ways That Cells Can Communicate with One Another Questions question 1 — AP Biology

Macrophages are white blood cells that ingest invading pathogens.

After digesting the pathogen, macrophages present the antigens from the pathogen to helper T cells in the immune system. These helper T cells then secrete chemical signals called cytokines. The cytokines can travel short distances to activate nearby cytotoxic T cells, which will kill infected cells. Some cytokines will activate the enzyme adenylyl cyclase in nearby B cells to produce cyclic AMP (cAMP). cAMP will then activate the production of antibodies in the B cells.

(a)

Part A

(i)

Describe the characteristics of juxtacrine signaling.

(ii)

Draw a square around the step (1, 2, 3, or 4) in the figure that illustrates an example of juxtacrine signaling.

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AP Biology 4.1 A Describe the Ways That Cells Can Communicate with One Another Questions question 1

Question (a)

Question (i)

Question (ii)