Practise Edexcel Psychology questions on Van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s attachment meta-analysis, evaluating cross-cultural patterns, sampling and science.
In developmental psychology, you will have learned about the following classic study in detail:
- Van iJzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988).
Evaluate the study by Van iJzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988).
AO1 (4 marks), AO3 (4 marks)
AO1
- Their meta-analysis used secondary data from studies into
attachment undertaken by other researchers.
- The data source search identified suitable studies using a strict
criterion, such as excluding samples of children over 2 years old.
- A large sample of 32 studies was used, including 8 different
countries which in total involved 1,990 strange situations.
- They planned to use Ainsworth et al. (1978) as a baseline sample
distribution to measure their findings against.
AO3
- Using secondary data means that they cannot be certain that the
studies were conducted reliably by the original researchers, so the
data they used may be flawed.
- Strict criterion increases the reliability of the data sources gathered
as they could be sure that the studies were comparable.
- The sample is representative of a large, cross-cultural population
which increases the generalisability of the findings.
- The overall distribution of attachment in the US studies did not
match Ainsworth's suggestions, therefore there was no baseline
measure, limiting cross-cultural comparisons.
Look for other reasonable marking points.
(8)
\begin{tabular}[t]{|l|l|l|}
\hline Level
Mark
Descriptor
AO1 (4 marks), AO3 (4 marks)
Candidates must demonstrate an equal emphasis between knowledge and
understanding vs evaluation/conclusion in their answer.
0
No rewardable material.
Level 1
1-2
Marks
Demonstrates isolated elements of knowledge and understanding. (AO1)
A conclusion may be presented, but will be generic and the supporting
evidence will be limited. Limited attempt to address the question. (AO3)
Level 2
3-4
Marks
Demonstrates mostly accurate knowledge and understanding. (AO1)
Candidates will produce statements with some development in the form of
mostly accurate and relevant factual material, leading to a superficial
conclusion being made. (AO3)
Level 3
5-6
Marks
Demonstrates accurate knowledge and understanding. (AO1)
Arguments developed using mostly coherent chains of reasoning leading to
a conclusion being presented. Candidates will demonstrate a grasp of
competing arguments but evaluation may be imbalanced. (AO3)
Level 4
7-8
Marks
Demonstrates accurate and thorough knowledge and understanding. (AO1)
Displays a well-developed and logical evaluation, containing logical chains of
reasoning throughout. Demonstrates an awareness of competing
arguments, presenting a balanced conclusion. (AO3)
\begin{tabular}[t]{|l|l|l|}
\hline