Edexcel IAL Psychology Unit 4 Clinical & Skills

AO2 (2 marks)
Credit up to two mark for an accurate description in relation to the
scenario.
For example;
- Rahul demonstrates a failure to function as he is unable to cope
with the demands of his everyday life to take part in his usual
activities or leave his house causing him suffering (1) and is also
unable to cope with social events because he is fearful of meeting
new people (1)
Generic answers score 0 marks.
Look for other reasonable marking points.

(2)

AO2 (1 mark), AO3 (1 mark)
Credit one mark for accurate identification of one reason in relation to
the scenario (AO2).
Credit one mark for justification/exemplification of the reason (AO3).
For example;
- Rahul may believe his diagnosis is valid as he receives the same
independent diagnosis from his psychiatrist and their trainee for
his symptoms of fear and social isolation (1), as Brown et al.
(2001) found that two interviews using the DSM IV criteria gave
the same diagnosis of anxiety and mood disorders in 362
outpatients (1).
Generic answers score 0 marks.
Look for other reasonable marking points.

(2)

\begin{tabular}[t]{|l|l|l|}
\hline

AO2 (2 marks)
Credit up to two marks for accurate description in relation to scenario.
For example:
- Elijah could have prepared specific closed questions to ask the
interviewees about their experiences of flying, such as 'how many
times have you flown?' (1) and also designed open-ended questions
or prompts to encourage interviewees to give more detail about their
experiences of flying, such as 'how do you feel as the plane takes
off?' (1).
Look for other reasonable marking points.
Generic answers score 0 marks.

(2)

AO2 (1 mark), AO3 (1 mark)
Credit one mark for identification of strength in relation to scenario (AO2)
Credit one mark for justification of strength (AO3)
For example:
- Qualitative data can give a personal viewpoint of fear of flying such
as a bad flight or seeing a plane crash on television (1) so qualitative
data allows this in depth, more complex detail to be gathered about
individual flying experiences making data more valid (1).
Look for other reasonable marking points.
Generic answers score 0 marks.

(2)

AO2 (2 marks)
Credit up to two marks for an accurate suggestion.
For example:
- Elijah could categorise the content of each of the interviewee
responses into common flying themes, such as 'being nervous' (1)
he could then tally the occurrences of each theme in each interview
to compare the data numerically for fear of flying (1).
Look for other reasonable marking points.
Generic answers score 0 marks.

(2)

AO1 (2 marks), AO3 (2 marks)
Credit up to two marks for an accurate identification (AO1)
Credit up to two marks for justification/exemplification (AO3)
For example;
- Diagnosis can be considered valid as the DSM and ICD have
criterion validity when they are both used and diagnose the same
disorder (1) This is shown by Andrews et al. (1999) who found
agreement in diagnosis in 1500 people for depression, substance
dependence and anxiety, using the DSM-IV and ICD-10 (1).
However, differences in interpreting symptoms can reduce the
construct validity of operationalised diagnosis criteria which
reduces validity of diagnosis (1). Cooper et al. (1972) reported
that New York psychiatrists are twice as likely than London
psychiatrists to diagnose schizophrenia when shown the same
video-taped clinical interviews, so criteria may not be objectively
interpreted (1).
Look for other reasonable marking points.

(4)

AO3 (2 marks)
Credit up to two marks for justification
For example;
- The DSM V has greater cultural sensitivity because there is
updated criteria to reflect cross-cultural variations in the
presentation of symptoms (1). There is also a clinical formulation
interview guide that includes cultural questions, so clinicians can
assess the cultural factors influencing a patient's own perspective
of their symptoms (1).
Look for other reasonable marking points.

(2)

AO2 (1 mark)
Credit one mark for giving an accurate closed question in relation to the
scenario (AO2)
For example;
- How many hours per week do you spend playing violent video
games? Less than 5; Between 5 and 10; More than 10 (1).
Look for other reasonable marking points.
Generic answers score 0 marks.

(1)

Credit one mark for accurately identifying the sampling technique from the scenario (AO2)

For example;
\begin{itemize}
\item[-] Opportunity sampling (1).
\end{itemize}

Look for other reasonable marking points.
\end{tabular}

(1)

Credit one mark for a correct completion of column d Credit one mark for a correct completion of column d ${ }^{2}$ Credit one mark for a correct substitution into the equation Credit one mark for a correct answer to three decimal places = 0.643

For example;
\begin{tabular}[t]{|l|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline Score for
aggression
out of 20

Rank 1

Score for
exposure
to media
violence
out of 20

Rank 2

d

$\boldsymbol{d}^{\mathbf{2}}$

9

4

10

4

0

15

7

13

6

1

14

6

18

8

-2

8

3

5

1

2

19

8

14

7

1

3

1

7

2

-1

11

5

9

3

2

4

2

11

5

-3

Total for \boldsymbol{d^{\boldsymbol{2}}}

\end{tabular}
$$1-\frac{6 \Sigma d^{2}}{n\left(n^{2}-1\right)}=1-\frac{144}{8(64-1)}=1-\frac{144}{504}=1-0.286=\mathbf{0. 7 1 4}$$

Look for other reasonable marking points.
\end{tabular}

(4)

AO2 (2 marks)
Credit up to two marks for an accurate interpretation in relation to the
scenario (AO2).
For example:
- 0.714 shows a positive correlation between exposure to media
violence and aggression (1) which can be considered as a strong
relationship between aggression and media violence as 0.714 is
close to 1 (1).
Look for other reasonable marking points.
Generic answers score 0 marks.

(2)

AO2 (1 mark), AO3 (1 mark)
Credit one mark for accurate identification of a weakness in relation to
the scenario (AO2).
Credit one mark for justification/exemplification of the weakness (AO3)
For example;
- Daisy's correlational research only looks at co-variables and
cannot establish cause and effect between exposure to media
violence and aggression (1). The data only indicates a
relationship, not whether one leads to the other, so Daisy cannot
draw conclusions about the impact of media violence on
someone's levels of aggression (1).
Look for other reasonable marking points.
Generic answers score 0 marks.

(2)