Edexcel IAL Chemistry 7.1 Types of intermolecular forces

Identify every attraction supported by the structure, then describe temporary and induced dipoles or draw hydrogen bonds between a lone pair and a δ+ hydrogen.

Exam points

Classify all intermolecular forces present between molecules from their structures.
Explain London forces through temporary dipoles inducing dipoles in neighbouring clouds.
Draw hydrogen bonds with lone pairs, partial charges and near-linear donor alignment.

[Maximum number: 3]

Some diesel cars contain an extra catalytic converter for the reduction of nitrogen oxides $\left(\mathrm{NO}_{\mathrm{x}}\right)$ in exhaust gases.
A solution of urea is used for this process.

Figure for Question 7.1—The nature of the following intermolecular forces: i London forces (instantaneous dipole-induced dipole) ii permanent question 1 — Edexcel A-Level Chemistry AS

urea

Urea has a melting temperature of $133^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ .

Explain why this value is higher than expected for a relatively small molecule.

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7.1—The nature of the following intermolecular forces: i London forces (instantaneous dipole-induced dipole) ii permanent question 1