4.9—The general formula of alkanes and cycloalkanes, and understand that they are hydrocarbons (compounds of carbon and hydrogen

Know the general formula of alkanes and cycloalkanes, and understand that they are hydrocarbons (compounds of carbon and hydrogen only) which are saturated (contain single bonds only).

Use —the general formula of alkanes and cycloalkanes, and understand that they are hydrocarbons (compounds of carbon and hydrogen to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because —the general formula of alkanes and cycloalkanes, and understand that they are hydrocarbons (compounds of carbon and hydrogen determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply —the general formula of alkanes and cycloalkanes, and understand that they are hydrocarbons (compounds of carbon and hydrogen to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: use the formula and units given in the question, show the substitution and interpret the result; the calculation alone is not the conclusion.