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Pearson Edexcel IAL Chemistry

Unit 4: Rates, Equilibria and Further Organic Chemistry

Topic 11: Kinetics

Topic 12: Entropy and Energetics

Topic 13: Chemical Equilibria

Topic 14: Acid-base Equilibria

Topic 15: Organic Chemistry: Carbonyls, Carboxylic Acids and Chirality

15.1—Optical isomerism is a result of chirality in molecules with a single chiral centre

15.2—Optical isomerism results from chiral centre(s) in a molecule with asymmetric carbon atom(s) and that optical isomers

15.3—Optical activity is the ability of a single optical isomer to rotate the plane of polarisation of plane-polarised

15.4—What is meant by the term ‘racemic mixture’

15.5—Data on optical activity of reactants and products as evidence for SN1 and SN2 mechanisms and addition to carbonyl compounds

15.6—The nomenclature of aldehydes and ketones

15.7—Aldehydes and ketones: i do not form intermolecular hydrogen bonds and this affects their physical properties ii can form

15.8—The reactions of carbonyl compounds with: i Fehling’s or Benedict’s solution, Tollens’ reagent and acidified dichromate(VI)

15.9—The nomenclature of carboxylic acids

15.10—Hydrogen bonding affects the physical properties of carboxylic acids, in relation to their boiling temperatures

15.11—Carboxylic acids can be prepared by the oxidation of alcohols or aldehydes and the hydrolysis of nitriles

15.12—The reactions of carboxylic acids with: i lithium tetrahydridoaluminate(III) (lithium aluminium hydride) in dry ether

15.13—The nomenclature of acyl chlorides and esters

15.14—The reactions of acyl chlorides with: i water ii alcohols iii concentrated ammonia iv amines

15.15—The hydrolysis reactions of esters, in acidic and alkaline solution

15.16—How polyesters, such as terylene, are formed by condensation polymerisation reactions

15.17—Data from mass spectra to: i suggest possible structures of a simple organic compound given accurate relative molecular

15.18—Carbon-13, (13C) NMR spectroscopy provides information about the positions of 13C atoms in a molecule

15.19—Data from 13C NMR spectroscopy to: i predict the different environments for carbon atoms present in a molecule, given values

15.20—Both low and high resolution proton NMR spectroscopy to: i predict the different types of proton present in a molecule

15.21—Chromatography separates components of a mixture using a mobile phase and a stationary phase

15.22—Rf values from one-way chromatograms in paper and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and understand reasons for differences

15.23—High-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC, and gas chromatography, GC, are types of column chromatography that separate

Unit 5: Transition Metals and Organic Nitrogen Chemistry

Unit 6: Practical Skills in Chemistry II

Assessed mathematical skills and measurement conventions

A-Level/Edexcel/Chemistry//A2/Concept/Unit 4: Rates, Equilibria and Further Organic Chemistry/Topic 15: Organic Chemistry: Carbonyls, Carboxylic Acids and Chirality/15.12—The reactions of carboxylic acids with: i lithium tetrahydridoaluminate(III) (lithium aluminium hydride) in dry ether

Unit 4: Rates, Equilibria and Further Organic Chemistry A2

Syllabus: 2017
Section: —
Level: A2

Exam analysis

Most tested topics

Topic 11: Kinetics
Topic 12: Entropy and Energetics
Topic 13: Chemical Equilibria
Topic 14: Acid-base Equilibria
Topic 15: Organic Chemistry: Carbonyls, Carboxylic Acids and Chirality