Validity

Validity.

• Candidates should be able to:.
• describe validity, including ecological validity.
• evaluate studies based on their validity:.
• subjectivity/objectivity.

This matters because validity determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply validity to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: Validity is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.