Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams)

Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams).

• Dement, W and Kleitman, N (1957), The relation of eye movements during sleep to dream activity: An objective method for the study of dreaming. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 53(5): 339-46.
• The study by Dement and Kleitman investigated the relationship between rapid eye movements (REM) and dreaming. It included EEGs, REM and Non-REM sleep, used experimental and correlational methods and an interview technique.
• The psychology being investigated includes: sleep; dreaming; ultradian rhythms.
• For this study, candidates should understand the background, aims, procedure and methodology as appropriate (research method, sample and demographics, sampling technique, experimental design, controls, question types, data-collection technique, and measured and manipulated variables), ethical issues, quantitative and qualitative results and their representation and interpretation, conclusions, and strengths and weaknesses; describe and evaluate the methodology; and relate the study to psychological issues and debates.

This matters because dement and kleitman (sleep and dreams) determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply dement and kleitman (sleep and dreams) to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams) is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.