3.4.2—Measures of stress

3.4.2 Measures of stress.

• biological measures:.
• recording devices for heart rate and brain function (fMRI), including a study, e.g. Wang et al. (2005).
• sample tests for salivary cortisol, including a study, e.g. Evans and Wener (2007).
• psychological measures: self-report questionnaires, including tests of Friedman and Rosenman's Type A personality and Holmes and Rahe's life events questionnaire.

This matters because —measures of stress determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply —measures of stress to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: —Measures of stress is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.