3.3.2—Measuring pain

3.3.2 Measuring pain.

• subjective measures including clinical interview.
• psychometric measures and visual rating scales:.
• McGill pain questionnaire.
• visual analogue scale (exemplified by the following key study). Key Study on comparing pain assessments by doctors, parents and children: Brudvik et al. (2016).

This matters because —measuring pain determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply —measuring pain to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: —Measuring pain is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.