D.3-A Level formulae supplied in Paper 4

Select and apply supplied A Level formulae for gravitational potential, ideal gases, simple harmonic motion, electric potential, capacitors, Hall voltage, alternating current, radioactive decay, acoustic impedance, Stefan-Boltzmann law and Doppler redshift.

Use d.3-a level formulae supplied in paper 4 to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because d.3-a level formulae supplied in paper 4 determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply d.3-a level formulae supplied in paper 4 to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: use the formula and units given in the question, show the substitution and interpret the result; the calculation alone is not the conclusion.