7.3.2—Theories of leadership

Trait, behavioural, situational, contingency and transformational theories emphasise different explanations for leadership effectiveness. Use them to connect behaviour, context and outcomes.

A directive style may suit urgency and low experience; participation may suit complex knowledge and commitment. The same leader may adapt across situations.

A crisis response can require clear decisions, while a product-development team may need a vision and participation to combine expertise.

No theory guarantees success, and describing a style is not enough without explaining why it fits the task and people.