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8. Transport in Mammals

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  1. 8.1 The Circulatory System

    1. 8.1.1Closed double circulation

      • Closed double circulation: heart, blood, blood vessels

    2. 8.1.2Blood vessels

      • Blood vessels: arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

    3. 8.1.3Main blood vessels

      • Main blood vessels: pulmonary artery/vein, aorta, vena cava

    4. 8.1.4Blood vessel recognition

      • Recognise vessels from microscope slides and photomicrographs

    5. 8.1.5Plan diagrams of arteries and veins

      • Plan diagrams: arteries and veins in TS and LS

    6. 8.1.6Structure-function relationships

      • Structure-function relationships: muscular arteries, elastic arteries, veins, capillaries

    7. 8.1.7Blood cells

      • Blood cells: red blood cells, monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes

    8. 8.1.8Water as main blood component

      • Water as main blood component: role in transport (solvent action, high specific heat capacity)

    9. 8.1.9Tissue fluid

      • Tissue fluid functions and formation in capillary networks

  2. 8.2 Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

    1. 8.2.1Red blood cell roles in O2 and CO2 transport

      • Red blood cell roles in O2 and CO2 transport: - Haemoglobin - Carbonic anhydrase - Formation of haemoglobinic acid - Formation of carbaminohaemoglobin

    2. 8.2.2Chloride shift and its importance

      • Chloride shift and its importance

    3. 8.2.3Plasma role in CO2 transport

      • Plasma role in CO2 transport

    4. 8.2.4Oxygen dissociation curve

      • Oxygen dissociation curve of adult haemoglobin

    5. 8.2.5Partial pressures and oxygen loading

      • Importance at partial pressures in lungs and respiring tissues

    6. 8.2.6Bohr shift and its importance

      • Bohr shift and its importance

  3. 8.3 The Heart

    1. 8.3.1Mammalian heart structure

      • External and internal structure of mammalian heart

    2. 8.3.2Wall thickness differences

      • Wall thickness differences: atria vs ventricles, left vs right ventricle

    3. 8.3.3Cardiac cycle and valves

      • Cardiac cycle: blood pressure changes during systole/diastole, valve opening/closing

    4. 8.3.4Cardiac conduction system

      • Roles of sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, Purkyne tissue