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8. Transport in Mammals

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  1. 8.1 The Circulatory System

    1. • Closed double circulation: heart, blood, blood vessels

    2. • Blood vessels: arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

    3. • Main blood vessels: pulmonary artery/vein, aorta, vena cava

    4. • Recognise vessels from microscope slides and photomicrographs

    5. • Plan diagrams: arteries and veins in TS and LS

    6. • Structure-function relationships: muscular arteries, elastic arteries, veins, capillaries

    7. • Blood cells: red blood cells, monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes

    8. • Water as main blood component: role in transport (solvent action, high specific heat capacity)

    9. • Tissue fluid functions and formation in capillary networks

  2. 8.2 Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

    1. • Red blood cell roles in O2 and CO2 transport: - Haemoglobin - Carbonic anhydrase - Formation of haemoglobinic acid - Formation of carbaminohaemoglobin

    2. • Chloride shift and its importance

    3. • Plasma role in CO2 transport

    4. • Oxygen dissociation curve of adult haemoglobin

    5. • Importance at partial pressures in lungs and respiring tissues

    6. • Bohr shift and its importance

  3. 8.3 The Heart

    1. 8.3.1Mammalian heart structure

      • External and internal structure of mammalian heart

    2. 8.3.2Wall thickness differences

      • Wall thickness differences: atria vs ventricles, left vs right ventricle

    3. 8.3.3Cardiac cycle and valves

      • Cardiac cycle: blood pressure changes during systole/diastole, valve opening/closing

    4. 8.3.4Cardiac conduction system

      • Roles of sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, Purkyne tissue