19.3.1—Genetic engineering solving food demand

Genetic engineering can improve yield, quality or resilience, but the benefit depends on the trait, environment and farming system.

Assess productivity alongside inputs, ecological effects, farmer access and food safety.

A crop engineered for pest resistance may reduce losses, but its benefit changes if pests evolve resistance or farmers cannot access the seed.

“GM” describes a method, not a guarantee of sustainability or nutritional benefit.