1. States of matter

1.1 Solids, liquids and gases

1.2 Diffusion

2. Atoms, elements and compounds

2.1 Elements, compounds and mixtures

2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

2.3 Isotopes

2.4 Ions and ionic bonds

2.5 Simple molecules and covalent bonds

2.6 Giant covalent structures

2.7 Metallic bonding

3. Stoichiometry

3.1 Formulae

3.2 Relative masses of atoms and molecules

3.3 The mole and the Avogadro constant

4. Electrochemistry

4.1 Electrolysis

4.2 Hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells

5. Chemical energetics

5.1 Exothermic and endothermic reactions

6. Chemical reactions

6.1 Physical and chemical changes

6.2 Rate of reaction

6.3 Reversible reactions and equilibrium

6.4 Redox

7. Acids, bases and salts

7.1 The characteristic properties of acids and bases

7.2 Oxides

7.3 Preparation of salts

8. The Periodic Table

8.1 Arrangement of elements

8.2 Group I properties

8.3 Group VII properties

8.4 Transition elements

8.5 Noble gases

9. Metals

9.1 Properties of metals

9.2 Uses of metals

9.3 Alloys and their properties

9.4 Reactivity series

9.5 Corrosion of metals

9.6 Extraction of metals

10. Chemistry of the environment

10.1 Water

10.2 Fertilisers

10.3 Air quality and climate

11. Organic chemistry

11.1 Formulae, functional groups and terminology

11.2 Naming organic compounds

11.3 Fuels

11.4 Alkanes

11.5 Alkenes

11.6 Alcohols

11.7 Carboxylic acids

11.8 Polymers

12. Experimental techniques and chemical analysis

12.1 Experimental design

12.2 Acid–base titrations

12.3 Chromatography

12.4 Separation and purification

12.5 Identification of ions and gases

IGCSE Chemistry 11.8 Polymers Question Bank

[Maximum number: 1]

A list of gases is shown.
ammonia
carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
ethene
fluorine
oxygen
sulfur dioxide
xenon

Answer the following questions using only the gases from the list. Each gas may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Give the name of the gas that:

(a)

can form a polymer

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

Give the name of the process that is used:

(a)

to produce large molecules from monomers

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

Fluorine is a Group VII element. Fluorine forms compounds with metals and non-metals.

(a)

Tetrafluoroethene is an unsaturated compound with the formula $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{~F}_{4}$ . Tetrafluoroethene is the monomer used to make the polymer poly(tetrafluoroethene).

[ 2 ]

(i)

Tetrafluoroethene can be polymerised to form poly(tetrafluoroethene).

Draw one repeat unit of poly(tetrafluoroethene). Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

The structures of six organic compounds are shown.
A

(a)

Compound A forms an addition polymer.

Draw two repeat units of the addition polymer formed from A.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 4]

The gases $\mathrm{Ar}, \mathrm{CO}_{2}, \mathrm{~N}_{2}$ and $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ are in clean, dry air.
$\mathrm{CO}, \mathrm{NO}, \mathrm{NO}_{2}$ and $\mathrm{SO}_{2}$ are gases commonly found in polluted air.

(a)

The $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ in air is part of the carbon cycle.

The scheme shows a simple representation of part of the carbon cycle.

[ 4 ]

(i)

State the scientific terms for each of process A and process B.

A
B

[ 2 ]

(ii)

Plants convert glucose into complex carbohydrates.

A unit of glucose can be represented as $\mathrm{HO}-\square \mathrm{OH}$ .
Complete the diagram to show the complex carbohydrate formed from three units of glucose. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds in the linkages.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 5]

The chemical equation for the complete combustion of ethanol, $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}$ , is shown.

\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}+3 \mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{CO}_{2}+3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}

The energy released when one mole of ethanol undergoes complete combustion is 1280 kJ .
Part of the energy level diagram for this reaction is shown.

(a)

Ethane-1,2-diol has the following structure.

[ 5 ]

(i)

Ethane-1,2-diol can undergo condensation polymerisation but cannot undergo addition polymerisation.

Explain why ethane-1,2-diol cannot undergo addition polymerisation.
(iii) Ethane-1,2-diol undergoes condensation polymerisation with molecule Y.

The diagrams represent the structures of ethane-1,2-diol and molecule Y.

ethane-1,2-diol

molecule Y

[ 1 ]

(ii)

Draw the condensation polymer formed between ethane-1,2-diol and molecule Y. Show one repeat unit. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds in the linkage.

[ 3 ]

(iii)

Name the type of condensation polymer formed between ethane-1,2-diol and molecule Y.

[ 1 ]