1. States of matter

1.1 Solids, liquids and gases

1.2 Diffusion

2. Atoms, elements and compounds

2.1 Elements, compounds and mixtures

2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

2.3 Isotopes

2.4 Ions and ionic bonds

2.5 Simple molecules and covalent bonds

2.6 Giant covalent structures

2.7 Metallic bonding

3. Stoichiometry

3.1 Formulae

3.2 Relative masses of atoms and molecules

3.3 The mole and the Avogadro constant

4. Electrochemistry

4.1 Electrolysis

4.2 Hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells

5. Chemical energetics

5.1 Exothermic and endothermic reactions

6. Chemical reactions

6.1 Physical and chemical changes

6.2 Rate of reaction

6.3 Reversible reactions and equilibrium

6.4 Redox

7. Acids, bases and salts

7.1 The characteristic properties of acids and bases

7.2 Oxides

7.3 Preparation of salts

8. The Periodic Table

8.1 Arrangement of elements

8.2 Group I properties

8.3 Group VII properties

8.4 Transition elements

8.5 Noble gases

9. Metals

9.1 Properties of metals

9.2 Uses of metals

9.3 Alloys and their properties

9.4 Reactivity series

9.5 Corrosion of metals

9.6 Extraction of metals

10. Chemistry of the environment

10.1 Water

10.2 Fertilisers

10.3 Air quality and climate

11. Organic chemistry

11.1 Formulae, functional groups and terminology

11.2 Naming organic compounds

11.3 Fuels

11.4 Alkanes

11.5 Alkenes

11.6 Alcohols

11.7 Carboxylic acids

11.8 Polymers

12. Experimental techniques and chemical analysis

12.1 Experimental design

12.2 Acid–base titrations

12.3 Chromatography

12.4 Separation and purification

12.5 Identification of ions and gases

IGCSE Chemistry 1.1 Solids, liquids and gases Question Bank

[Maximum number: 1]

The particles of a substance gain energy and change from a regular ordered structure to a disordered structure with large distances between the particles.

Which change of state is described?

boiling

evaporation

melting

sublimation

[Maximum number: 1]

A gas is placed in a sealed container. The gas has a pressure of one atmosphere and a temperature of $50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ .

It is heated to $100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ .

Which row describes the cause of the pressure of the gas and the effect of increasing the temperature of the gas?

cause of gas pressure

the effect of increased
temperature of the gas

collisions between
gas particles

collisions become
less frequent

collisions between
gas particles

the average speed of
the gas particles increases

collisions between gas
particles and the container

collisions become
less frequent

collisions between gas
particles and the container

the average speed of
the gas particles increases

[Maximum number: 1]

A gaseous substance is slowly cooled and the temperature recorded every second.
The results are shown on the graph.

At which point is the substance a solid?

[Maximum number: 1]

Substance M is a solid at $30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ .

The substance is heated to $80^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and its temperature measured as it cools down to room temperature.

The cooling curve is shown.

Between which times is substance M freezing?

P to Q

Q to R

R to S

S to T

[Maximum number: 1]

A mixture of ice and water is left to stand and the ice melts.
Which row describes what happens as the ice is melting?

temperature of mixture

energy changes

increases

average kinetic energy of particles increases

increases

energy is used to overcome attractive forces

stays the same

average kinetic energy of particles increases

stays the same

energy is used to overcome attractive forces

[Maximum number: 1]

A mixture of ice and water is left to stand and the ice melts.
Which row describes what happens as the ice is melting?

temperature of mixture

energy changes

increases

average kinetic energy of particles increases

increases

energy is used to overcome attractive forces

stays the same

average kinetic energy of particles increases

stays the same

energy is used to overcome attractive forces

[Maximum number: 1]

Pure water boils at $100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ .
What happens to the water particles when water boils?

They gain energy and move further apart.

They gain energy and stay close together.

They lose energy and move further apart.

They lose energy and stay close together.

[Maximum number: 1]

When smoke particles are observed with a microscope they are seen to move around randomly. This is called Brownian motion.

What causes Brownian motion?

diffusion of the smoke particles

molecules in the air hitting the smoke particles

sublimation of the smoke particles

the smoke particles hitting the walls of the container

[Maximum number: 1]

Which statement describes sublimation?

Particles moving slowly past each other speed up and move further apart.

Particles vibrating next to each other become mobile and move slowly past each other.

Particles vibrating next to each other start to move rapidly and move further apart.

Rapidly moving particles slow down and move closer together.

[Maximum number: 9]

This question is about states of matter.

(a)

Complete the table, using ticks $(\checkmark)$ and crosses (X), to describe the properties of gases, liquids and solids.

[ 3 ]

(b)

Substances can change state.

[ 4 ]

(i)

Boiling and evaporation are two ways in which a liquid changes into a gas.

Describe two differences between boiling and evaporation.
1
2

[ 2 ]

(ii)

Name the change of state when:
- a gas becomes a liquid
- a solid becomes a gas.

[ 2 ]

(c)

A substance boils at temperature X and melts at temperature Y.

Complete the graph to show the change in temperature over time as the substance cools from temperature A to temperature B.

[ 2 ]

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